The 101 Top Programming Languages in 2025

Starting off the bat, Statista claimed that in 2025, the most sought programming skill sets by headhunters were Python, JavaScript, & Java. This brings us to ask how many programming languages there are and how they are applied in building websites, mobile and web applications, and all kinds of software solutions.

Web development encompasses a variety of programming languages and frameworks, each serving specific roles in creating dynamic and efficient web applications.

As of February 2025, the call for programming languages 2025 in the U.S. job market varies based on industry needs, technological advancements, & regional factors. Please take note of an overview of the most prominent and in-demand programming languages to learn, their typical apps, and median annual salaries.

Frontend development:

HTML and CSS: These ground technologies remain essential for structuring & modeling web content.
JavaScript: As the language for client-side interrelationships, it enables dynamic and responsive user feelings.
JavaScript Frameworks: Frameworks like React are prevalent for crafting single-page applications, offering ways to manage sophisticated user interfaces.

Backend development:

Python: It’s thoroughly applied in back-end design and data-driven web apps.
Java: Portable & productive, Java stays in the groove for large-scale apps.
PHP: A widely adopted server-side language, it drives many CMSs & e-commerce platforms.
Node.js: Leveraging JavaScript for server-side development, Node.js permits a merged language along the whole tech set.

Emerging trends:

TypeScript: It enhances code clarity, gaining traction in full-scale applications.
Svelte: This framework compiles components into JavaScript code.
Go: Developed by Google, it is appreciated for swift operation & efficacy, being suitable for scalable web services.

Programming Languages and Technologies Outlook

With the above data, let’s gaze on the borderless ocean of software tech stack available. The developers’ view on this state is vividly seen from the survey held by Stack Overflow researchers, a reliable website for IT software engineers.

popular programming languages

Most used programming languages among developers worldwide, 2024, Statista

According to this study, the states with the topmost prospects and the highest earning and accruing possibilities for developing engineers are the subsequent ones: SA, Germany, India, UK, Ukraine, Canada, France, Poland, Netherlands, & Brazil.

Technologies Outlook

Topmost states where developing specialists get the highest earning, 2024, Stack Overflow

Here, in the questionnaire, 65,437 software engineers from the leading IT-developed states gave responses on issues of developing technologies & tools they exploit the most already, with the ones they wish to grasp.

Under this statistic, here is the 2024 record of the software engineers’ preferences in computer programming languages, web frameworks & technologies. So, you may now make informed decisions on your software with the prospects for 2025.

Programming, Scripting, & Markup Languages

So, JavaScript, Python & SQL stand up as the superb-demand tools.

As JavaScript has been blossoming among specialists (except in 2013 & 2014, when SQL hit the programming languages’ target), we’ll regard it in detail. Together with Python, C, C++, JavaScript, TypeScript, Kotlin, PHP, & Swift, these are the upper part candidates of our outlook.

programming languages 2025

Programming, scripting, & markup languages usage, StackOverflow 2024 software engineers’ questionnaire

Web Frameworks & Technologies

different programming languages

Stack Overflow, 2024 developers’ survey

Node.js still picks the height. Ever since its biggest vogue with 51% application, it’s a favorable web technology. As for API and SDK documents, these remain the documentation pick for 90% of engineers.

Frameworks and Libraries

useful programming language

Under the StackOverflow 2024 developers’ questionnaire, .NET is the highest-ranked framework among both developers & private users.

Databases

Comparing developer salaries’ competitors in 2018 and 2024:

PostgreSQL was an inauguration with 33% of respondents in 2018
MySQL was in use by 59% of engineers, allowing developers a wise choice. In 2024, PostgreSQL was applied by 49% of software engineers, emerging as the most desirable database.

Asynchronous Tools

Here comes Jira and Confluence, as per the questionnaire, dividing the throne of most utilized asynchronous instruments in 2024 and ahead.

Top Paying Technologies

Asynchronous tools’ usage, according to the 2024 survey

Top Paying Technologies

Interestingly, Erlang developers took the hit in 2024 for supreme stated average earnings.

Other Tools (including AI) in the Development Process

Like this, 76% of those in question exploit or intend to exploit AI tools in their software engineering work. This highlights the spring in demand from last year (70%).

Windows

As for the operation system applied both for individual and corporation goals, Windows keeps its solid grip.

Outline of the Software Technologies

HTML and CSS
JavaScript
Front-End Frameworks

To streamline front-end design, several tools have stood up:

React.js: Crafted by Facebook engineers, React is a library for laying out user interfaces. It’s especially potent for single-page apps with its reusable elements.
Angular: Maintained by Google, it is a panoramic tool for designing elastic web apps.
Vue.js: Relatively simple and flexible, it is progressive for crafting layouts & single-site apps.

Back-End Languages and Frameworks

The server side of web development involves managing databases, server logic, & application integration. Here are the key languages and their related tools:

Python: Easy to learn & operative, this language is used in web design with frameworks like Flask. It hastens the swift creation & design of your projects.
Java: A versatile language, Java is employed in web design through Spring, i.e., celebrated for its robustness & scalability.
PHP: A server-side scripting language, it powers many web pages & is exploited with Laravel for dynamic web apps.
Ruby: Enriched with its refined simple syntax, the language is utilized with its Rails to develop productive apps.

Other Notable Languages

TypeScript: A static pack from JavaScript, it enhances code upkeep.
Go (Golang): Crafted and launched by Google, this tool is appreciated for swift operation in devising scalable servers.

Specific view on programming languages:

Java: A modifiable language typically applied for devising full-scale web apps. MySQL is the frequent pick for Java applications.
Python: As mentioned, Python is acknowledged for its clarity and is utilized in web design with, i.e., a Django framework. It creates fluent integration with databases, rendering swift records management.
JavaScript (React): Primarily exploited for front-end building, JavaScript, with libraries like React, creates dynamic layouts. For full-stack creation, Node.js enables JavaScript to handgrip server-side activities, with database intercourses on board.
Swift and Kotlin: These languages are chiefly utilized for mobile app design on iOS & Android platforms, as per each language. They can interrelate with databases through APIs or direct integration.

Database management systems:

MySQL: An ordinarily used open-source relational database claimed for its indestructibility & robustness. It’s suitable for applications requiring orchestrated records’ storage & composite inquiries.
PostgreSQL: A sophisticated relational tool bragging extendable components & congruency with structured query language standards. It’s privileged for applications needing multiplex transactions & custom procedures.
MongoDB: A NoSQL databank maintaining data in JSON-type documents, suiting applications governing unorganized records, or requiring rapid expandability.
CouchDB: A NoSQL data tool that exploits JSON to storehouse records, & JavaScript for processing inquiries.
OracleDB: A multi-model storage management tool well-liked for its extendibility & swift operation.

Strategies for integration:

RESTful APIs: For languages like Python, these tools handle database operations & transcend front-end apps built with React, for instance.
Direct Database Connections: Server-side languages like Python might connect straight to databases with proper engines or ORM tools.

When selecting a language & database combination, mind elements like the complexity of user records, scalability demands, & the particular wishes of your app’s TA.

Harmonizing your stack with the project goals certifies prompt design & superb operation of the project.

Top Software Developer Salaries in 2025

International IT outlay expansion by sectors is, under Statista, envisaged to increase by 9.8 percent in 2025, with spending on data center systems forecast to increase by 23.2 percent.

Demand for data center capacity has surged amid the adoption of data-intensive technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and the cloud.

Top Software Developer

Most utilized frameworks among software engineers globally, 2024, Statista

Yet, what about developers’ experience and salaries? Frankly, it is pretty fair.

Here, Erlang & Clojure are top laborers, ranging more than U.S. $95K annually with > 12 years of competence. The lowest earners were Dart & Prolog engineers—with < U.S. $45K annually with < 10 years of competence.

The largest part of software engineers’ report on the annual earnings was a median U.S. $10K less in 2024, i.e. U.S. $60-$75K, contrasted to U.S. $70-$85K in 2023.

According to StackOverflow, the salaries of developers worldwide are:

Regarding the sectors, the top-paid earnings are for site dependability & cloud infrastructure software engineers.
Regarding the regions, the top-paid earnings for mobile developers remain in the U.S., for data engineers—in Germany and Ukraine, & for back-end engineers—in India & the U.K.

Later on, let’s observe the most applied languages & the twitching demand for them over the years.

programming languages

Changing demand for programming languages with years, February 2025, PYPL.github.io

It’s curious to highlight that JavaScript and HTML/CSS still occupy the dominating spot in the field among software engineers.

Meanwhile, more than 62% of interviewees claimed they utilized JavaScript & only about 53% utilized HTML/CSS.

With Python, SQL, & TypeScript standing as the supreme five programming tools in the world, it’s curious to see what’s next.

Looking into the U.S. software development economy, the breaking records in programming languages in the U.S. are below, regarding the Indeed salaries’ statistic and the medium annual data:

Python—is $123,610K
JavaScript—$114,434K
Go (Golang)—$122,987K
Java—$91,070K
C/C++—$128,743K
Kotlin—$105,833K
PHP—$84,333K
SQL—$93,047K
Ruby—$121,643K
HTML (coder)—$81,697K

competencies in programming languages

Salary and competencies in programming languages’ ratio, 2024, Stack Overflow

Dividing the salaries’ ranking onto devices, the survey data is like succeeding:

Android Developer—$120,859K
iOS Developer—$113,520K
App Developer—$93,963K
Mobile developer—$120,068K

The Suitable Programming Language

Coming closer to the programming languages overview, the main thing you might reveal is: what is the end point of choosing the best programming language? Simply put, what your project is, how extendable you wish it to become, its target audience, & how you will secure its long-term maintenance.

It’s necessary for startups to comprehend all the details, as your choice might affect the development speed & scalability.

1. Understanding Your Project Requirements

Before choosing a programming language, consider:

What type of project are you building? (Web, Mobile, AI, Blockchain, etc.)
Who are your end consumers? (Consumers, enterprises, or engineers?)
What are the operation requirements? (High-speed processing, real-time records, scalability?)
What platforms will your application run on? (Web, Mobile, Desktop, Cloud?)
What is your team’s expertise?
What are your budget and timeline constraints? (Some languages have faster development cycles.)
Do you need third-party integrations? (APIs, databases)
What is the expected expandability?

2. Choosing a Programming Language Based on the Project Type

Different projects require varying programming tools grounded on strengths & ecosystem support.

Web development:

Front-End: JavaScript (React, Angular)
Back-End: Node.js, Python (Django, Flask)

Use case: Building dynamic apps, SaaS platforms, & e-commerce pages.

Example: Amazon, Netflix, & Facebook use JavaScript & Python.

Mobile app development:

Native Android: Java
Native iOS: Swift, Objective-C
Through-Platform: Flutter (Dart), Ionic

Use case: Mobile app design for Android/iOS development.

Example: Instagram, Google Pay, Uber.

Desktop software development:

Windows: C#, .NET
Mac: Swift, Objective-C
Cross-Platform: Java, Electron (JavaScript)

Use Case: Creating productivity instruments, multimedia software, & system utilities.

Example: Microsoft Office, Photoshop, Skype

AI & Machine Learning:

Python (TensorFlow, Scikit-Learn)
R (Statistical computing)
Julia

Use Case: AI-driven applications, data science, automation, & recommendation bases.

Example: Netflix recommendation engine (Python), Google AI (TensorFlow).

Blockchain & DeFi development:

Smart Contracts: Solidity (Ethereum), Rust, Vyper
Blockchain Apps: JavaScript (Web3.js, Ethers.js), Go

Use Case: Crypto wallets, NFT platforms, DeFi apps.

Example: Ethereum DApps (Solidity), Binance Smart Chain (Python).

Game development:

C++ (Unreal Engine)
C# (Unity)
Python, Java, Lua (Indie Games)

Use Case: Developing 2D/3D games for PC & console.

Example: Fortnite, Among Us.

Cybersecurity & ethical hacking:

Python (Penetration Checks)
C (Low-Level Security Tools)
Go, Rust (Memory-Safe Secure Applications)

Use case: Exploit testing, a tool for security analysts.

Example: Metasploit (Ruby).

Aspects to Regard While Selecting a Language

Project Complexity & Scalability

For startups & MVPs: Python, JavaScript (quick development).
For high-productivity applications: C++, Rust.
For scalability: Java, Kotlin, Node.js.

Team Expertise & Developer Availability

If your team has Python developers, go for Python-based frameworks.
For web engineers, JavaScript and TypeScript are superb choices.
For enterprise solutions, Java provides great support.

Performance & Speed

For real-time applications (trading systems, gaming): C++, Rust, Go.
For data processing & ML: Python, Julia.
For scalable back-end services: Java, Node.js, Go.

Security & Reliability

For blockchain & secure apps: Rust, Solidity, Go.
For enterprise security: Java, .NET.
For secure web apps: JavaScript (Node.js).

Long-Term Maintenance & Community Support

Languages like Python & Java own extended devhubs.
Avoid niche languages unless necessary (e.g., Solidity for blockchain).

The Acclaimed Programming Languages in 2025

Read below an overview of some of the most prominent languages & frameworks used in the industry. In other words, a list of programming languages and their uses is right here.

So, we may state that Python and JS power the internet, being the foundations, with a bit of AI flavor. Hereby, willing to put your legs strong, read ahead to observe what other programming tools will lay the ground for your developer and startup triumph.

Also, consult more on this fruitful SCAND web technologies page.
So, let’s start with the essentials—here are a bunch of the top 10 programming languages, on top of scripting & markup languages.

web technologies

Shifting recognition of Python, Java, & C/C++ with years, PYPL.github.io

1. Python

So, Python is a high-level programming language celebrated for clarity, legibility, & versatility. Created and first issued in 1991, it has expanded to one of the largely preferred languages in multiple domains. It is applied in multifarious domains—web design, AI, automation, & scripting.

Boasted for its simplicity & readability, Python is a front-runner among startups intending for rapid building. Popular language for its readability, Python’s applications span ML, data analysis, & web design, inter alia.

With high demand in tech fields like AI, Python developers often earn over $200,000.

Django and Flask frameworks would assist the language to fully expedite the development process.

Key features of Python:

Interpreted & dynamically typed: No need for explicit compilation; variable types are inferred at runtime.
Object-oriented: Backs up procedural & functional styles.
Extendable standard library: Encompasses modules for ruling files, networking, cryptography, web frameworks, etc.
Cross-platform congruency: Runs on Windows, macOS, & integrated systems.
Large community & open-source: Actively maintained with strong assistance from developers worldwide.

Python use examples:

Web development (Django)
Data science & analytics (Pandas, NumPy)
ML & AI (TensorFlow, Scikit-learn)
Automation and scripting

The extended structure of Python libraries working in conglomerate:

Web Development: Django, FastAPI
Data Science & AI: NumPy, TensorFlow, PyTorch
Blockchain & DeFi: Web3.py, Brownie, PyTeal (Algorand)
Automation & Scripting: Selenium, PyAutoGUI
Testing & Security: PyTest, Scapy

Besides, Python promises integration with PayPal, Razorpay online & cryptocurrency payments via Stripe libraries.

Python acts beneficially in DeFi projects, including smart contract interaction.

2. JavaScript

It is one of the kernel web design technologies, alongside HTML and CSS. Unfolded by Brendan Eich, JavaScript has been modified into a multitasking and multi-paradigm language since 1995. Software engineers use it for building on front-end, back-end, & even for blockchain.

JavaScript is applied principally for front-end creation. It builds interactive pages & apps, working alongside HTML & CSS. It governs every node—from basic animations to complex applications, particularly with frameworks like React and Node.js.

Key peculiarities of JavaScript:

Interpreted & Dynamically Typed: Code runs in the browser without compilation, variable types are assigned at runtime.
Event-Driven & Asynchronous: Supports non-synchronous programming via callbacks.
Cross-Platform: Encompasses all browsers and is applied for server-side programming (Node.js).
Rich Ecosystem & Libraries: Vast ecosystem with React, Angular, etc.

Use cases of JavaScript in e-commerce:

Building Interactive Online Stores—JavaScript powers modern e-commerce applications through frameworks such as React.
Payment Gateway Integration—JavaScript enables Stripe integration for handling secure payings.
AI-Powered Product Recommendations—JavaScript integrates with AI/ML models via TensorFlow.js for personalized shopping advice.

Use cases of JavaScript in finance & DeFi:

Cryptocurrency & Smart Contract Interaction (Web3.js & Ethers.js)—JavaScript connects blockchain wallets using Web3.js.
Crypto Trading Bots—JavaScript is applied to develop automated trading bots with Binance API.
Yield Farming & Liquidity Pool Analytics—JavaScript can scan DeFi yield farming strategies.
Front-end (React)
Back-end (Node.js, Express.js)
Mobile applications (React Native)
Game development (Phaser.js)
IoT applications

3. Java

Since its birth in the mid-1990s, Java has been a statically typed, high-level, and object-oriented language. It is noted for its portability across platforms due to the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). In particular, Java Virtual Machine (JVM) enables cross-platform execution.

Thanks to this principle, Java is broadly applied in enterprise applications, financial systems, & modern e-commerce and decentralized finance (DeFi) solutions.

Java follows the “Write Once, Run Anywhere” (WORA) principle, is broadly exploited in large-scale apps, and has a robust presence in enterprise settings. With all that, Java is one of the most preferred and universally utilized programming languages, acclaimed for its platform autonomy & extendability.

Java is actually a staple in enterprise applications, mobile apps (especially Android), and large systems.

Key features of Java:

Platform Self-Sufficiency & Cross-Platform Compatibility: Java’s “Write once, Run anywhere” philosophy permits engineers to write code that runs on any device furnished with a Java Virtual Machine.
Object-Oriented Programming: Its fundamentals accelerate modular & maintainable code.
Robust Standard Library and APIs: This programming tool presents an encyclopedic pack of libraries & APIs to streamline the design process, providing instruments for structuring records, networking, & more.
Security: Java launches a protected execution setting through functions such as bytecode governance & executable security tests, turning it into a reliable pick for developing safety-backed apps.
Multithreading: Its built-in upkeep of multithreading functionality authorizes the production of apps exercising multiple duties in parallel.

Java is a superb selection for:

Commercial Applications: Java is widely employed in fintech.
Enterprise Applications, where scalability & robustness make Java perfect for full-scale corporate solutions.
Web Development, where Java is applied in server-side applications, providing a sturdy ground for crafting dynamic and extendable services.

Cryptocurrency and DeFi Projects: While Java is not the primary focus for blockchain design, its use for secure & extendable back-end spots supports the infrastructure of cryptocurrency platforms & decentralized finance (DeFi) apps.
Payment Processing. In payment gateways, Java is a preferred choice for developing payment systems.

Integration with Financial Institutions: Java’s interoperability allows seamless integration with various financial institutions, facilitating smooth payment operations.
Mobile Applications
Big Data Technologies

4. C/C++

C and C++ are the basis of programming. These are the foundational programming languages that have significantly impacted the software domain, even though now not so claimed. Holding their mark, they provide high performance and control over system resources.

Closer, C is a procedural tool, whereas C++ spreads to object-oriented components. System programming, real-live apps, & game design is their broadly applied usage.

Use cases:

Operating systems (Windows, Linux)
Game development (Unreal Engine)
Integrated systems (Automotive, IoT)
High-output computation
Database engines (MySQL, PostgreSQL)

Key features of C / C++:

Portability: C and C++ code might be drawn up and launched on multiple stands with nominal modifications, thus fitting for cross-platform design.
Supervising System Resources: Developers have fine-grained system resources’ supervision—the pressing point for applications requesting optimized fulfillment.
Operation and Efficiency
Rich Standard Libraries

Optimal use cases for C / C++:

System and Application Software: C is widely used for producing operating & integrated systems, and other system-level applications due to its efficiency and control over hardware.
High-Performance Computing: Both languages are utilized in scientific computing, simulations, and applications requiring intensive computational resources.
Game Development for C++

Application in financial, crypto, finance & DeFi projects, & payment gateways:

Blockchain and Cryptocurrency: C++ has been instrumental in the development of blockchain technologies. Notably, Bitcoin’s original code base was written in C++, and many other cryptocurrencies, including Litecoin and Monero, are also developed using C++. The language’s economic utilization and efficient ruling system resources are prosperous for administering complex cryptographic algorithms & managing decentralized networks.
Decentralized Finance (DeFi): While languages like Solidity are more typically associated with smart contract development, C++’s performance capabilities are leveraged in the underlying infrastructure of DeFi platforms, particularly in developing consensus algorithms and blockchain protocols.
Payment Gateways for both, C and C++
Commerce Systems for C++

In summary, C and C++ are powerful languages that offer performance, efficiency, and control, making them suitable for a wide range of applications, including those in the financial, cryptocurrency, DeFi, and payment gateway sectors.

5. C#

Now, C# is a modern programming language. C# is easier to acquire and, developed by Microsoft, is the answer to cross-platform app design. With applications in desktop software, in-web services, & game design through Unity, C# is especially popular for Microsoft tech endeavors.

project triumph

Let’s see some specs on C#’s structure, core concepts, use cases, and relevance to e-commerce, financial, and DeFi applications.

Key features of C#:

Object-Oriented and Component-Based—Enables modular and reusable code.
Cross-Platform Upkeep—Acts on macOS, Windows, & Linux via .NET Core.
Memory Management—Rules trash.
Concurrency and Asynchronous Operations
Security and Type Protection
Rich Ecosystem—Integration with ASP.NET, Blazor, & Azure Cloud.

Popular C# technologies for e-commerce:

ASP.NET Core MVC—Web application framework for e-commerce platforms.
Blazor—Enables building interactive UI with C#.
Entity Framework Core (EF Core)—Database management system.
Azure Cloud Services—Hosting and scaling e-commerce solutions.

Key e-commerce features implemented with C#:

Secure Online Payments—Integration with Stripe & Square APIs.
Shopping Cart & Checkout System—ASP.NET-based solutions.
Supervising Inventory and Order—Scalable cloud-based services.
Personalized Advice—AI-powered tip engines.

Example: Walmart, Dell, & Costco use C# &ASP.NET Core for online stores.

C# use cases:

Web applications (ASP.NET Core)
Game development (Unity engine)
Windows applications (WPF, UWP)
Cloud-based applications (Azure services)
AI and ML applications (ML.NET)
Banking Applications in C#

Financial use cases:

High-Frequency Trading—C# optimizes algorithmic deals.
Banking Applications—Used in Barclays.

C# in De-Fi:

Cross-Platform Support—Works with Web3 frameworks.
Smart Contracts (NEO Blockchain)—Enables C#-based blockchain applications.
Secure online commerce deals—Ensures safe crypto deals.
Decentralized Lending & Borrowing—C#-based blockchain protocols.
Crypto Exchange Platforms—C#-powered secure trading spots.
NFT and Tokenization Platforms—C# facilitates blockchain asset creation.

Example: NEO Blockchain supports C# for smart contract development.

Closing the loop, C# is perfectly predicted to be applied in cloud computing. It integrates with Azure, AWS, and Google Cloud for cloud-based applications. It’s also seen in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning as C# supports ML.NET and TensorFlow.NET for AI-powered applications. On top of that, game development with C# holds the top place in using C# as the striker of the technologies. It’s perfect for Unity Engine, powering AAA, and indie game development.

6. Ruby

Ruby is favored for designing internet pages, especially with its Ruby on Rails framework. Ruby’s popularity with startups comes with its quick deployment capabilities, utilized in social networks.

7. PHP

Hypertext Preprocessor language (PHP) may not be a brand-new language, but it powers a large portion of the internet, notably through content management systems like WordPress. PHP developers, particularly those working on content management and back-end web functions, earn around U.S. $83,000-$115,500.

Use cases:

Web development (Laravel, WordPress, Joomla)
Content Management Systems (CMS)
E-commerce platforms (Magento)
API development (RESTful services)
Server-side scripting

8. React

Key features of React:

programming

Configuration of Components: React is structured around reusable chunks of code, i.e. the layout elements, or components. This structure elevates code reuse & lightens the process of supervising complicated UIs.
A Virtual Document Object Model is utilized to refine execution.
JSX Syntax: This syntax add-on authorizes software engineers to code inside JavaScript.
Unidirectional Data Stream: It is where data proceeds in a one-direction course across the application.

Use cases and applications:

Single-Page Applications
Mobile Applications: Through React Native—a React-rooted framework—engineers prompt native mobile apps for iOS and Android platforms with React components.
Packed User Layouts
Cross-Platform Design: Beyond web & smartphones, this language is harnessed to spawn desktop apps.

Best applications for React:

E-commerce Platforms: React can manage dynamic product lists & user feedback
Social network Applications
Content Management Bases

9. Swift

Swift use cases:

Web applications (Facebook)
Single-page apps
Progressive web apps (PWAs)
Mobile applications (React Native)

10. Node.js

Node.js use cases:

Back-end design (Express.js, Nest.js)
Real-time applications (Chat apps, WebSockets)
API development (RESTful)
Serverless applications (Firebase Functions)
Microservices architecture

11. Angular

Angular use cases:

Enterprise web applications (Google products)
Progressive web apps (PWAs)
Single-page applications (SPAs)
Dashboard and data visualization applications
E-commerce applications

12. Flutter

Flutter is a UI toolset launched by Google for producing natively compiled apps for mobile, desktop, & web from a single code source. This flexible toolkit exploits the Dart programming language by granting a whole pack of usable widgets.

Use cases:

Cross-platform mobile apps (Android, iOS)
Web applications
Desktop applications (Windows, macOS, Linux)
Embedded applications
Prototyping and MVP development

13. Rust

Applications of Rust:

Systems programming
Web development: with an Actix framework, Rust is increasingly used in devising swift & protected applications.
Game development
Embedded systems in hardware

While Rust is not as widely adopted in the financial sector as languages like Java or C++, its emphasis on safety and performance makes it a compelling choice for developing secure and efficient financial applications. Its memory safety features can help prevent common vulnerabilities in financial software.